![]() The water expandable beads were prepared through surfactant free Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene in water/oil/water (w/o/w) system using cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). Here, we report a method to synthesize Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)-free expandable polystyrene beads containing well-dispersed water microdroplets as blowing agent. European Polymer Journal, Volume 64, 2015, Pages 179–188.ġ Polymer Division, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Ģ School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.ģ Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Nasser Nikfarjam 1, 2, Nader Taheri Qazvini 1, 3, Yulin Deng 2. Finally, it was shown that the under appropriate condition, the beads can be excellently expanded to form a low density polystyrene foam. Furthermore, a bimodal distribution of water droplet size, centered at 3 and 6 µm and a linear correlation between the average water droplet size and the average size of the CNF/PS nanospheres was found. Morphological characterization of unexpanded polystyrene beads showed that the number droplet density as well as total entrapped water in the beads increased with the CNF content. The water microdroplets were shown to be surrounded by a dense layer of CNF/polystyrene composite (CNF/PS) nanospheres which formed in the initial stages of the process and were in situ surface-modified by styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) to act as stabilizer. The MaEO/ water stabilized-CNF emulsion is a promissory natural disinfectant with antibacterial activity against these bacteria strains, including the capability to damage the spike proteins at the SARS-CoV-2 particle surface after 15 min of direct contact when the MaEO concentration is 30 % v/v.The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)-free expandable polystyrene beads containing well-dispersed water microdroplets as blowing agent were synthesized through surfactant free Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene in water/oil/water (w/o/w) system using cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). The bacteria inhibition zone assays show that the most stable emulsions showed antimicrobial activity comparable to commercial disinfectant agents such as hypochlorite. The factorial design of experiments (DoE) indicates that CNF content and mixing time have significant effects on preventing the MaEO droplets' coalescence during 30-day shelf life. FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopies indicate that the CNF stabilizes the MaEO droplets in water by the dipole-induced-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds. Moreover, MaEO deactivated the SARS-CoV-2 virions immediately. MaEO and the emulsions presented antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. In this contribution, MaEO-in- water Pickering emulsions were successfully stabilized with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) by a simple mixing procedure. Electronic address: Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (MaEO) is a green antimicrobial agent suitable for confection eco-friendly disinfectants to substitute conventional chemical disinfectants commonly formulated with toxic substances that cause dangerous environmental impacts. Rosa DS Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.Martinho HS Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.Mourão A Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.Ramiro Colleoni, 240, CEP 09040-160 Santo André, SP, Brazil. Col RD Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santo André Regional Center, Av.de Campos IB Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santo André Regional Center, Av.Yudice EDC Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santo André Regional Center, Av.Souza AG Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.da Silva DJ Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av.da S Ferreira G Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. ![]()
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